Saturday, October 24, 2020

Culture 4 Native American

 LS 5653-20
Genre 4 Review
Shannon Hicks

 


 






Talking Leaves

 

Talking Leaves

Bibliography

Bruchac, Joseph. Talking Leaves. Dial Books for Young Readers, 2016. ISBN 978-0-8037-3508-8

Plot Summary

Talking Leaves is the story of one family in the Cherokee Nation. Uwohali is thirteen years old when his father returns from Arkansas. It has been years since Uwohali has seen or spoken to his father and now that he has returned, rumors flood the community about Sequoyah’s strange ways and suspicion that he is dabbling in witchcraft. As Uwohali decides to visit his father and hopes to learn the trade of blacksmithing, he soon discovers his father’s true quest; to develop a written language for the Tsalagi people. Sequoyah puts himself and his family at risk as he spends time creating the syllabary, while others plan to put a stop to his “crazy ways,” even if it means murdering Sequoyah.

Critical Analysis

Joseph Bruchac is the highly acclaimed children’s author whose work in novels, poems and short stories revolve around the Native American people, and in Talking Leaves he focuses on the Cherokee. Readers are immersed in the Tsalagi culture from the beginning pages. Uwohali explains that a Tsalagi child belongs to the mother’s clan and “…it is the women who are the heads of our households. They are the owners of the house” (p.190). The women also have to agree to the chosen leaders before they are able to take office.

Descriptions of hunting and food are also rich in cultural details. We first meet Uwohali as he hunts a squirrel with a long blowgun, and after killing it, he gives thanks for his capture so as to appease Awi Usdi, the Little White Deer, the guardian of the game animals. Later, Uwohali’s mother prepares succotash for dinner. “My mother’s blend of corn and beans—cooked with fresh churned butter, seasoned with just the right amount of black pepper—is nothing less than perfect” (p. 100). He continues to describe the tasty corn pones and sassafras tea he also enjoys. Through these descriptions, readers experience the sights and tastes of the time.

Sequoyah was away at war for over three years and has not spoken of his time fighting. Eventually he sits with Uwohali and recalls when he joined his friend Turtle Fields to fight with Sharp Knife Jackson. He openly tells Uwohali his reasons for going, one being he wanted to help his friends, and the other was to further his quest in developing a written language. The recount of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend is full of the terrors of war but also infused with funny commentary on the white man, Big Drunk, Sequoyah’s friend.

Review Excerpts

Publisher’s Weekly: “Wrenching descriptions of the 1814 Battle of Horseshoe Bend help transform an ostensibly simple story into a profound cautionary tale of what can happen without a language of one’s own.

“Talking Leaves.” Publisher’s Weekly, May 2016. Novelist, EBSCOhost (accessed October 24, 2020).

Kirkus Reviews: “Bruchac gives readers a vivid look into the life of a Cherokee boy in 1821. His extensive research is evidenced by details such as Tsalagi women's prominent social status and a survivor's retelling of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

“Talking Leaves.” Kirkus Reviews, May 2016. Novelist, EBSCOhost (accessed October 24, 2020).

Awards

·        Notable Books for a Global Society – selection 2017

·        Junior Library Guild Selections – middle selection 2016

Connections

·        Read How I Became a Ghost: A Choctaw Trail of Tears Story by Tim Tingle.

·        Read the picture book Sequoyah: The Cherokee Man Who Gave His People Writing by James Rumford. Compare the information in this book to Talking Leaves.

·        In the novel Talking Trees, the boys play marbles and explain how they make them from clay. Watch the short video on Cherokee marbles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ox960M1034. Ask a member of the Cherokee tribe teach students how to play. 



 






Chickadee

 Chickadee

 Bibliography

Erdrich, Louise. Chickadee. HarperCollins Children, 2012. ISBN 978-0-06-057790-2

Plot Summary

This endearing story centers around a family of the Objibwe tribe. Chickadee and his twin brother Makoons are the best of friends and spend all their time together doing chores for their family. After playing a trick on a mean old man, his sons take revenge by kidnapping Chickadee in the middle of the night. As Chickadee struggles to break free and try to find his way home, his family starts a massive search for him, including his aunt Two Strike, known for carrying two “knives between her teeth, two knives in her hands, a knife in her hat and knives in her socks.” The longer the brothers are separated, the weaker Makoons falls, waiting for his brother’s return. 

Critical Analysis

Chickadee takes place throughout the Great Plains but begins in the family wigwam that was “crowded and noisy, and everyone ate and told stories late into the night” while the boys slept warmly under a fluffy rabbit-skin blanket. Erdrich paints a warm and rich mental picture of the family home and does so through cultural accuracy and without fanfare. Food is also discussed in different parts of the story, adding to the reality of the time period. “…picked through some manoomin, wild rice…She boiled the last of their meat over a small fire” p. 3 and as the family settles into a new log cabin home, Makoons and his cousin whittle fishhooks from wood and fished so they could bake them in a fire, “seasoned with maple sugar.” p. 111 These descriptions give enough detail to be interesting and yet not overwhelming the reader with superfluous information.

Chickadee ponders his namesake and wonders why he was named after a small bird. After his grandmother reminds him that small things have great power and illustrates all the ways the chickadee survives and cares for others, Chickadee finds honor in his namesake. Erdrich takes great care in incorporating the Ojibwe culture without preaching it.

The Sisters and priest found in Chickadee are portrayed as “white saviors” bent on saving the souls of Chickadee and members of the Ojibwe tribe. When the nuns stumble upon Chickadee, they even view their timing as a blessing to find the poor and filthy savage in order to save him even if “he could kill us in our sleep” p. 87. Chickadee and his family need help reuniting with one another but have their own customs that do not involve Christianity. In fact, Mother Anthony is cruel and treats Chickadee roughly and without compassion.

Many words in the Anishinabeg language are used during the story and their meanings can be interpreted from context clues and also through the use of the glossary at the end of the book. The author’s note states that Ojijbwemowin was a spoken language so the spelling in the story are done phonetically. Bizindaan, Nashke, gaawiin mashi and miigwech are all terms of the Ojibwe people that readers encounter in just the first twelve pages of Chickadee. Incorporating these terms gives the reader the ability to see and hear authentic language while drawing the reader in.

Review Excerpts

School Library Journal: “Erdrich's storytelling is masterful. All of the characters, even minor ones, are believable and well developed, and small pencil drawings add to the story's charm. The northern Minnesota setting is vividly described, and information about Ojibwe life and culture is seamlessly woven into every page.”

“Chickadee.” School Library Journal 58.9 (2012): 143. Novelist, EBSCOhost, (accessed October 16, 2020).

Booklist: “In 1866, when Omakayas’ son, Chickadee, eight, is kidnapped, his twin, Makoons, and his family take off across the cold, snowy Great Plains to find Chickadee, who escapes his captors and then encounters white English settlers, including a kind priest who wants to save Chickadee’s soul, and racist Christians, who view Indians as pagan “filthy savages.”

“Chickadee.” Booklist 108.22 (2012): 76. Novelist, EBSCOhost, (accessed October 16, 2020).

Awards

·        Scott O’Dell Award – winner 2013

·        Junior Library Guild Selection – elementary selection 2013

·        CCBC Choices – selection 2013

Connections

·        Chickadee is the fourth book in the Birchbark House series and readers follow the family though several generations. Discuss genealogy research methods and then create a family tree for Chickadee’s family.

·        Create a missing persons poster for Chickadee. What physical and personality traits would you list?

·        The illustrations in Chickadee help the reader to better understand the story. Create your own pencil illustration for one event in the book.









   House of Purple Cedar

 House of Purple Cedar

Bibliography

Tingle, Tim. House of Purple Cedar. Cinco Puntos Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1-935955-24-5

Plot Summary

House of Purple Cedar revolves around a Choctaw family and their live in Skullyville. Rose, a young Native American, discovers racism at a young age as her Choctaw boarding school is purposefully burned down and twenty lives are lost. A trip into town with her grandfather, Amafo, turns violent when he is attacked by the white town marshal. Amafo makes the decision to not fight violence with violence but takes a stand against the marshal and exposes his evil ways that have been ignored for far too long by the townspeople. Amafo seeks help from Maggie, a one-legged store clerk who has her own problems with a demanding boss and a love affair with a felon. Spirituality and religion intertwine with mystical elements of protection, especially in the form of a panther that seems to be the spirit of Rose’s grandmother, Pokoni.

Critical Analysis

House of Purple Cedar offers a balanced look into the Choctaw culture by displaying a variety of social attributes. After Amafo is hit with a board by the marshal, many of the other Choctaws want to take punitive revenge on Marshal Hardwicke and yet, because of Amafo’s kind demeanor and thoughtfulness over the situation, he decides to employ a different tactic. He wishes to expose the evil within the Nahullo man by following the path of forgiveness and approaching the situation with patience.

Humor also plays a small role in this work of literary fiction. The pastor’s children often run wild. and at one point. steal a baby Jesus from the Nativity. They bury it so they can see if He truly rises from the dead! In another scene, one of the pastor’s sons is sprayed in the face by a skunk. These comedic acts lighten the sometimes-heavier mood of social injustices that occur against the Choctaw people.

Rose’s family attends church each week and the church families rely on one another. While Bible verses are quoted and hymnal songs are sung, there are also mystical elements that appear. After the death of Rose’s grandmother, Pokoni, a wild panther is spotted during various times of danger. When Marshal Hardwicke is determined to show the Choctaws who is in charge, and mistakes the pastor’s daughter for Rose, he ties Berta Jean to a tree while he goes to find something with which to kill her. Upon his return, Hardwicke is attacked by a panther and yet Berta Jean is unharmed. On a different night, Rose is traveling with her mother and younger brother when they are seemingly stalked by a panther on their way home. After gaining safety inside their home, they realize that the panther was offering protection after they were followed by Hardwicke, who wished them harm. Rose understands that she gained “the sight” from Pokoni and can see spirits who still surround them.

As Hardwicke’s domestic violence toward his wife becomes obvious, the Choctaw people surround Ona Mae, offering her protection, and eventually an alibi. It is clear that the Choctaw people look after one another and are a tight-knit group, as seen when they lend help to Amafo and later, Ona Mae.

Review Excerpts

Kirkus Review: “Tingle writes of cultures clashing, certainly, but hatred from Nahullos (whites) like Hardwicke is counterbalanced by the goodwill of others like John Burleson, railroad stationmaster, and one-legged store clerk Maggie Johnston. Despite assimilating elements of white culture, including Christianity, Tingle's Choctaws maintain mystical connections to the land and its creatures.”

“House of Purple Cedar.” Kirkus Reviews, November 2013. Novelist, EBSCOhost (accessed October 24, 2020).

Tall tales and fabulous characters intersperse with a story that unfolds, highlighting the racial tension and violence that festers in the Marshall. Told in retrospect by Rose, this tale will transport readers back to the dusty plains where life is hard, and where racism allows acts that can scar a town, even as it brings it closer together.”

“House of Purple Cedar.” School Library Journal 60.10 (2014): 127. Novelist, EBSCOhost, (accessed October 24, 2020).

Awards

·        American Youth Indian Literature Award – winner 2016

·        CCBC Choices – selection 2015

·        Notable Books for a Global Society – selection 2015

Connections

·        Plan a field trip to the National Museum of the American Indian in D.C. in tandem with the social studies department.

·        In groups, visit https://www.choctawnation.com/history-culture and choose one aspect of Choctaw life to give a brief synopsis on for the class. Include important facts, people and two interesting facts.

·        Hymnal lyrics were often used in the House of Purple Cedar. Choose one passage that includes a hymnal and research the history of it including an analysis of why you believe the author chose that hymnal and its significance in the novel.


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